AMERICAN CIVIL AVIATION
the cornerstone lies in the ASTM Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels D 1655, delineating the prerequisites for three distinctive grades:

Jet A, a kerosene-type fuel boasting a maximum freeze point of -40 degrees Celsius.
Jet A-1, akin to Jet A yet distinguished by a maximum freeze point of -47 degrees Celsius.
Jet B, characterized by its wide-cut nature.

Jet A stands as the preferred choice within the United States, embraced by both domestic and international airlines for its dependable performance. While Jet B's presence has waned, remnants persist in select regions of northern Canada. Here, its lower freeze point and augmented volatility confer advantages in handling and cold starts, underscoring its enduring relevance in specific climatic contexts.


MILITARY JET FUEL
D. Eng RD 2494, sanctioned by the Ministry of Defense, transitioned into the quintessential UK civil jet fuel standard. Now rechristened as DEF STAN 91-91, it delineates the criteria for a kerosene-type fuel, specifically Jet A-1 grade, featuring a maximum freeze point of -47 degrees Celsius.

DEF STAN 91-91 aligns closely with Jet A-1 as specified by ASTM D 1655, albeit with minor divergences. While both adhere to stringent quality parameters, DEF STAN 91-91 imposes additional requirements in select aspects, ensuring heightened standards of performance and safety for aviation operations within the UK airspace.


FORMER SOVIET UNION AND EASTERN EUROPE JET FUEL
encompass a diverse spectrum of specification grades, reflecting varied crude sources and processing methodologies. Designations range from T-1 to T-8, TS-1, or RT, often categorized under State Standard (GOST) or Technical Condition (TU) numbers. Notably, Soviet fuels exhibit distinct characteristics, boasting a low freeze point, approximately -57 degrees Celsius by Western standards, yet also possessing a low flash point, a minimum of 28 degrees Celsius compared to Western fuel's 38 degrees Celsius. While RT fuel, denoted as PT in Russian script, represents a superior hydrotreated grade, its production remains limited. TS-1, the prevalent grade in Russia and CIS countries, is comparable to Western Jet A-1 and garners approval from most aircraft manufacturers.

Meanwhile, Eastern European nations adopt their own national standards, with some mirroring Russian specifications while others align closely with Western Jet A-1 in properties and test methodologies, catering to the needs of international airlines.


CHINESE JET FUEL
adhere to five distinct specifications, recently rebranded as No 1 Jet Fuel, No 2 Jet Fuel, and so forth, abolishing the previous RP prefix system. RP-I and RP-2 are kerosene akin to Soviet TS-1, distinguished by their low flash point, set at a minimum of 28 degrees Celsius. RP-1 boasts a freeze point of -60 degrees Celsius, while RP-2 registers -50 degrees Celsius. RP-3 mirrors Western Jet A-1 and is tailored for export purposes. RP-4 resembles Western Jet B and Soviet T-2, presenting a wide-cut fuel composition. RP-5, characterized by a high flash point, shares similarities with kerosene utilized by naval aircraft on aircraft carriers in the West. Notably, the predominant jet fuel produced in China, now dubbed No 3 Jet Fuel, corresponds to RP-3 specifications.


CHECKLIST
As jet fuel supply logistics have grown increasingly intricate, involving the mingling of products in shared storage facilities, several fuel suppliers devised the Aviation Fuel Quality Requirements for Jointly Operated Systems (AFQRJOS) Checklist. This document consolidates the most rigorous standards from DEF STAN and ASTM specifications for Jet A-1. Any product meeting the Checklist requirements automatically satisfies DEF STAN or ASTM specifications.

Fuel adhering to the Checklist embodies the strictest mandates of DEF STAN 91-91 and ASTM D1655 Kerosene Type Jet A-1. Acknowledged by eight major aviation fuel suppliers—Agip, BP, ChevronTexaco, ExxonMobil, Kuwait Petroleum, Shell, Statoil, and Total—the Checklist serves as the foundation for their international supply of virtually all civil aviation fuels outside North America and the former Soviet Union. This unified approach ensures consistent quality and safety standards across global aviation fuel distribution networks.